Since PHP 8.5, we can use the array_first and array_last functions to retrieve the first and last elements of an array. These functions serve as counterparts to array_key_first and array_key_last...

Run-time type information (RTTI) enables C++ programs to determine an object's dynamic type using features such as typeid and dynamic_cast. While RTTI is enabled by default on most toolchains, some...

When developing C or C++ projects with CMake, you may rely on external libraries. By default, CMake looks for shared libraries before static ones. However, some projects require explicitly linking...

In many C++ programs, knowing where the input is coming from can influence how the program behaves. Interactive tools, prompts, and text-based UIs usually assume that the user is typing...

In C++ programs, it's sometimes important to know whether the output is being displayed directly on the terminal or redirected to a file or pipe. This can help adjust formatting...

C++ applications often rely on exception handling for error reporting and recovery. However, some environments disable exceptions to reduce binary size or improve performance - embedded systems being a common...

When tracking down memory corruption, buffer overflows, or use-after-free issues in C++ programs, AddressSanitizer (ASan) is one of the most effective diagnostic tools available. There are situations where software may...

When diagnosing memory issues or runtime errors in C++ applications, developers often rely on tools like Valgrind. This tool provides a way for detecting leaks, invalid accesses, and performance bottlenecks...

When compiling C++ programs, developers commonly switch between debug and release configurations. Debug builds include additional information useful during development - such as assertions, symbols, and minimal optimization - while...

Linux provides a secure, multi-user environment where permissions and user privileges play a crucial role in system safety. When developing or running applications, it's often important to determine whether the...