The final keyword can be applied to class methods. When a parent class has a method that declared as final, then child classes cannot override this method. Private methods cannot...

The ternary (?:) operator is a conditional operator that allows to shorten if/else structures and decrease the length of code. The syntax for ternary operator can be represented as follows:...

Composer is a dependency management tool for PHP that allows to specify libraries on which project depends on. Composer manages libraries installation and update per-project (the default) or globally. This...

Environment variable is a named value on a computer that can be used to affect running processes. Programming languages provides methods to set an environment variable. A table includes a...

PHP allows defining constants using define function. Defined constants are case-sensitive. For example, DB_USER and db_user represents different constants. In versions prior to PHP 8.0, it was possible to define...

Apache HTTP Server is a cross-platform web server that delivers web content to a clients who request it. Apache is an open-source project, available under the Apache License 2.0. This...

PHP has the display_startup_errors directive that specifies whether the errors must be displayed that occurred during PHP startup process. If this directive explicitly not set, default value will be used...

PHP has the error_reporting directive that specifies which type of errors to report. If error reporting level explicitly not set, default value will be used. For example, we can set...

Environment variable is a named value on a computer that can be used to affect running processes. Programming languages provides methods to get an environment variable. A table includes a...

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected many countries around the world. One of the protection method is to wear a face mask in public spaces. Many service providers and event organizers require...