Execution time of a code is amount of time spent by the system executing that code. Programming languages provides various methods how measure execution time of a code in seconds...

Just-in-time (JIT) compilation is a process that takes compilation of the code at run time. JIT compilation allows improving performance of interpreted programming languages. Since PHP 8.0, we can use...

PHP allows specifying doc comments on declarations in code, which can be retrieved using the Reflection API. However, doc comments are just strings that provide unstructured metadata information. There are...

Base64URL is an encoding and decoding scheme that is similar to Base64. Base64 uses some characters for encoding data that directly cannot be used in URLs. The +, / and...

Base58 is an encoding and decoding scheme that is used to convert binary data to an printable ASCII text format, and vice versa. It is commonly used to transfer binary...

PHP has date and time format specifier P that returns the time zone offset such as +02:00, -05:00, etc. An offset of +00:00 for UTC can also be represented as...

Debugging is an important part of the software developing, which usually requires working with stack traces. A stack trace is a list of the function and method calls that generated...

Base32 is an encoding and decoding scheme that is used to convert binary data to an printable ASCII text format, and vice versa. It is commonly used to transfer binary...

Properties are class member variables that store values like strings, integers, boolean, etc. We can set properties via class constructor, setter method or directly if property is public. When we...

The SplObjectStorage class allows storing additional data about objects. Objects are stored as keys and associated data as values. In other words, this class allows creating a map from objects...